What is the difference between assessed value and taxable value?

Your property tax bill shows more than one value, and knowing which number does the real work will save you confusion every spring and fall. In Indiana, the county assesses residential property at 100% of its market value, but your bill is not built on that full number alone.

Assessed value

Assessed value is the county assessor's estimate of what your property is worth for tax purposes, based on market conditions and the physical characteristics of the home. It appears on your annual assessment notice and is the starting point for everything else. If the assessor thinks your home is worth more, your assessed value goes up, and so does the potential tax bill.

Deductions bring you to taxable value

Indiana lets homeowners subtract deductions from their assessed value, and the most important is the homestead deduction on a primary residence: 60% of assessed value up to $45,000, plus a supplemental deduction of 35% of the remaining value on homes assessed up to $600,000. After those deductions, what remains is your taxable value, sometimes called your net assessed value. That is the number your community's local tax rate multiplies to produce your bill, exactly as I describe in my answer on how property taxes are calculated. You can read more about the deduction itself in my answer on the homestead deduction.

Why the distinction matters

When someone quotes a tax bill, they are almost always talking about the result of taxable value, not assessed value. That is why two homes with the same assessed value can carry different bills: one may have the homestead deduction, the other may be a rental in the 2% tier, or they may sit in different taxing districts. Comparing assessed values alone tells you little; comparing the actual bills tells you what you will pay.

When the numbers change

Assessed value can change when the market moves, when your home is reassessed, when you build an addition, or when the property changes hands. Your taxable value can also change when your deduction status changes, such as when you buy a new primary residence and need to reapply for the homestead deduction. If you believe either number is wrong, you have appeal rights, and I walk through them in my answer on appealing your property tax assessment.

Both numbers are listed on your annual assessment notice and your tax bill, and you can also look them up in your county's online records, which I cover in my answer on finding your assessed value and tax bill online. To compare how taxes fit into the cost of living across the region, the guides for Crown Point, Schererville, and Munster are a helpful start.

This is general information rather than tax advice. Assessment practices and deduction schedules can change, so confirm the numbers for your property with your county assessor or auditor in Lake, Porter, or LaPorte County.